Wall fixings are essential for securing items like shelves, mirrors, or TVs to walls. Choosing the right type of fixing depends on the wall material, weight of the item, and installation method. This guide explains the most common types of wall fixings and their uses.

Before choosing a wall fixing, identify the type of wall:

• Plasterboard (Drywall): Lightweight and used in modern homes. Susceptible to cracking if overloaded.
• Brick/Concrete: Durable and strong but requires specific tools for drilling.
• Stud Walls: Made of wooden or metal frameworks covered with plasterboard. Ideal for fixing items directly into the studs.
• Lath and Plaster: Found in older homes, fragile and prone to damage during drilling.

a) For Plasterboard Walls

• Plastic Plugs for Plasterboard: Lightweight fixings for hanging pictures and small shelves.

  • Weight limit: ~5-10kg.
  • Installation: Drill a pilot hole, insert the plug, and secure with a screw.

• Self-Drill Plasterboard Fixings: Screw directly into the plasterboard without pre-drilling.

  • Weight limit: ~10-15kg.
  • Best for medium-weight items like curtain rods.

• Spring Toggles or Cavity Anchors: Strong fixings that spread load across the plasterboard.

  • Weight limit: ~20-25kg.
  • Ideal for TVs, heavy mirrors, or shelving.

b) For Brick/Concrete Walls

• Wall Plugs (Rawl Plugs): Basic fixings used with screws.

  • Weight limit: ~30-50kg, depending on the plug type.
  • Installation: Drill into the brick or concrete, insert the plug, and secure with a screw.

• Masonry Anchors/Shield Anchors: Heavy-duty fixings for structural loads.

  • Weight limit: ~100kg or more.
  • Suitable for securing brackets or large installations.

c) For Stud Walls

• Wood Screws: Drive screws directly into the wooden studs for maximum support.

  • Weight limit: ~30-50kg.
  • No plugs needed if screwing into studs.

• Metal Stud Fixings: Use specialist fixings like drywall screws for metal framework.

d) For Lath and Plaster

• Toggle Bolts: Spread the load across a wider area.

  • Weight limit: ~10-15kg.
  • Handle with care to avoid cracking the plaster.

• Adhesive Hooks: For lightweight items when drilling isn’t an option.

  • Weight limit: ~2-5kg.

Match screws with your wall fixing type:

• Length: Ensure screws are long enough to reach into the wall securely.
• Material: Use stainless steel or zinc-coated screws for durability.

• Measure and Mark: Mark fixing points accurately before drilling.
• Use the Right Drill Bit:
  • Masonry bit for brick or concrete.
  • Wood bit for studs.
  • General-purpose bit for plasterboard.
• Avoid Pipes and Wires: Use a stud finder with a pipe/wire detection feature.
• Test the Fixing: Ensure the fixing feels secure before attaching items.

• Always err on the side of caution when estimating weight limits.
• For very heavy items, consider professional installation or additional reinforcement.

• Fixing Pulls Out: Use a stronger fixing or relocate to a sturdier part of the wall.
• Wall Damage: Patch with filler, let it dry, and sand smooth before re-drilling.
• Uneven Surface: Use a spirit level to ensure fixings are properly aligned.

With the right tools and knowledge of wall fixings, you can confidently tackle most DIY projects. Always choose fixings suited to your wall type and load requirements, and follow safety precautions for secure installations.